Impeovement in steam geneeatoes



IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM GENERATORS.

EDWIN REYNOLDS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 59,780, dated Vovcmber 20, 1866.

SPECIFICATION-- T0 ALL' WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, EDWIN REYNOLDS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new" and useful Improvements in Steam Boilers, and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with thedrawings which accompany and form part of this specitication, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it This invention is an improved construction of sectional cast-metal boilers, embodying therein the general plan and method of obtaining and determining proper circulation of water and steam currents, shown and described in my patent No. 47,130, dated April 4th, 1865.

My present invention relates particularlyr to the -general form of' the central cast sections oi' this boiler,

which are located in the combustion chamber above the gratos, and in connection therewith to the arrangement by which spaces are secured, free from currents and the direct action of the fjre,in which sediment deposits land from which it can be easily removed.

Ot' the drawings illustrating an embodiment of my invention- Figure 1 denotes a side elevation of my improved boiler, showing it in a brick-work setting, with the grates, Lc., forming the furnace; a portion of the boiler being broken away to exhibit beyond in vertical section on the line z, z, tig. 2, one of the parts or sections shown in horizontal section in said figure, said horizontal section being taken in the line gno, seen in iig. 1.

The general construction of the boiler shown inthe drawings is as'i'ollow's: Large horizontal pipes, a, a, located side by side, united by vertical pipes, b, b, cast between and with the'pipcs a, a, and opening into said pipes, are employed to make the upper and lower parts .of 'the boiler. For the lower part of the boiler I prefer to make use of but one such casting, but for the upper part more V.than one such casting may be used. Two such castings are shown in the drawing as forming the upper part of the boiler, in the lower one of which it is intended to establish Vthe water line or level at or about its centre, leaving the space above in this casting, and the entire space in the upper casting, for a steam chamber. The ends of the vertical pipes, I1, are faced oit` to make `joint surfaces, and at either or both ends of the vhorizontal pipes hand or man holes should be provided, though these are essential only in the sectionmaking the lowei part ofthe boiler, where they afford means for cleaning out solid deposit. i i

The central cast sections are as a whole designated by the letter e, and are oi' peculiar general form; will be described, they forming nearly the whole of the steam generating surface ot' my boiler. Each of these sections, e, are made up of afvertical pipe, d, the ends of which correspond in diameter with the venaieal pipes, b, and like said pipes, b, have their ends faced oil' to joint surfaces square to their axes. With this pipe, d, two pipes, e, e, are joined in such a manner that both ends of each pipe, e, shall open. into pipe cl, the outline of pipes e, e, being curved or angular, as may preferred, forv convenience of casting, all parts of this section being made 'in one casting. In the centre pipe, d', is cast a smaller pipe, f, the ends of which are faced oii' iiush with the ends of pipe el, the pipe f being sustained in pipe cl by two horizontal pipes, g, g, the bores of which pass through pipe d, and communicate with pipes e, e, between the ends thereof, which .debouch into pipe d, said bores or passages being smaller in diameter than are the bores or passages in pipes e. i In each of the vertical pipes, b, ot' the lower` part ofthe boiler,.and extending from the tops thereofl to about the centres of the diameters of the lower pipes, a, is a pipe, 7L, of diameter corresponding t0 the diameter of pipe The pipes, a, and the sections, c, are heldv together by long screw bolts, z', which also act to confine covering plates, j, to the open ends of pipes, (Z, shown in the drawing.

It is intended that the walls of the combustion chamber shall approach nearly to the series ofthe sections, c, and the ends of pipes, a, which project beyond shall be set in the brick work, thus supporting the boiler and being protected from the direct heat of the i'ire. l

The construction having ibeen described, I will now explain the operation of the boiler, which we will snppose filled to the water-level.' rThe-heat oi' the fire acting directly on the pipes, e, and on the ekterioriri pipes,

d, causes steam to be generated, which,` with hot water accompanying, tends to rise upward in the annular space between pipes b, and z., andf, while the space in pipes L andf, being remotefrom' tlie tire, remains comparatively cool, and the water therein takes a downward` direction to supply the place of tha-t which rises as it is. heated, and thus circulation is established in the boiler and is maintained therein so long as heat is applied thereto.

The direction of the water currents is shown by the black arrows on the drawings. -The current establishes itself passing downward through f, through g, through into and upward through d, till, having parted with its steam and some of its caloric, it .finds `its way to the top of pipes f, and Hows downward therein as described. A

The current sets in each section, c, as described, because of the dierence in the diameter of the pipes g and c. The latter being the largest, the steam can rise higher therein than it can in pipe g, the axes of both g and e being located,in the same plane. The same result might be accomplished without difference in the diameters of the pipes, provided they were otherwise so arranged that the tops of pipes e should be higher than the tops of pipes g. The circulation thus established is rapid and prevents deposit of sediment within section c. But the ends of the lower set of pipes, va, have little circulation within them and are not exposed to direct heat. There the deposit is made, andcanl remain without injury to theboiler, it being removed from time to time through the hand holes provided, shas to prevent too great an accumulation of sediment.

Any numberof these boilers may be connected in range, by extending the brick-work setting and coupling the steam and water spaces of' the adjacent boilers by suitable piping.

I claim the sections, c, when constructed and arranged so as to operate substantially as described.

Also, in connection .therewith,`I- yclaim. the arrangement of the sediment chambers in the ends of the lower pipes, a.

EDWIN REYNOLDS.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS GoULn,

W. FnoTriINGHAM. 

